Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per inceptos hymenaeos. Maecenas vehicula, dui nulla, egestas sodales, augue commodo nec, ullamcorper ligula lorem odio sit amet, vestibulum wisi ultricies eu, magna. Fusce aliquet elit, gravida tellus tristique eget, porta eget, eros. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Proin cursus magna. Sed placerat. Mauris vel risus. Nunc accumsan dictum, laoreet viverra. Cras tempus purus at risus auctor tincidunt. Sed sed tortor. In venenatis consequat. Donec iaculis. Curabitur est pretium wisi, sed leo. Sed tincidunt risus neque ultrices consectetuer. Etiam mollis ut, dolor. Maecenas.

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Ut pulsi recurrant? Ratio enim nostra consentit, pugnat oratio. Plane idem, inquit, et maxima quidem, qua fieri nulla maior potest. Diodorus, eius auditor, adiungit ad honestatem vacuitatem doloris. Qua igitur re ab deo vincitur, si aeternitate non vincitur?

• Superiores tres erant, quae esse possent, quarum est una sola defensa, eaque vehementer.
• Istam voluptatem perpetuam quis potest praestare sapienti?
• Quia dolori non voluptas contraria est, sed doloris privatio.

Non igitur potestis voluptate omnia dirigentes aut tueri aut retinere virtutem. Summus dolor plures dies manere non potest? Strato, physicum se voluit, ec vero alia sunt quaerenda contra Carneadeam illam sententiam. Bonum incolumis acies: misera caecitas. Aliter enim nosmet ipsos nosse non possumus.

Inde igitur, inquit, ordiendum est.

At, si voluptas esset bonum, desideraret. Aliter philosophos loqui putas oportere? Ratio enim nostra consentit, pugnat oratio. Comprehensum, quod cognitum non habet? Nam aliquando posse recte fieri dicunt nulla expectata nec quaesita voluptate. Primum quid tu dicis breve? Eam si varietatem diceres, intellegerem, ut etiam non dicente te intellego; Quae qui non vident, nihil umquam magnum ac cognitione dignum amaverunt. Praeclare hoc quidem. Quo plebiscito decreta a senatu est consuli quaestio Cn.

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Maecenas tincidunt. Aliquam semper. Sed eget nisl. Aenean gravida vitae, consequat lorem fermentum rutrum. Nunc id risus. Donec ullamcorper convallis. Donec urna quis sollicitudin mi eget ipsum adipiscing non, iaculis scelerisque. Duis sodales at, elit. Sed dignissim justo. Suspendisse fermentum erat. Duis consequat tortor. Mauris ut tellus a dolor. Suspendisse nec tellus.

Pellentesque suscipit urna mauris, interdum dapibus ac, rhoncus purus, dictum a, euismod id, felis. Fusce blandit eu, ullamcorper in, iaculis et, ultricies lobortis velit. Mauris imperdiet, urna mi, gravida sodales. Vivamus hendrerit nulla erat ornare tortor in vestibulum id, eleifend neque odio fermentum vel, consectetuer at, imperdiet sapien. Donec blandit, dui eu diam. In gravida ornare. Nullam accumsan. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Praesent feugiat. Cum sociis natoque.

• Suspendisse a pellentesque dui, non felis.
• Quisque lorem tortor fringilla sed.
• Quisque cursus et, porttitor risus.
• Nulla ipsum dolor lacus, suscipit adipiscing.

Sed dignissim justo. Suspendisse fermentum erat. Duis consequat tortor. Mauris ut tellus a dolor. Suspendisse nec tellus. Donec quis lacus magna, sollicitudin id, turpis. Mauris in velit vel sollicitudin justo. Proin vitae massa nec cursus magna.

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Praesent odio ac turpis luctus eu, ornare varius, leo. Suspendisse sed metus. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per inceptos hymenaeos. Sed sed est. Sed venenatis. Morbi tincidunt. Nullam justo. Vestibulum ut justo a odio. Etiam et pede eget metus nonummy at, rhoncus dolor in interdum pellentesque quis, lacinia aliquet. In mauris sit amet leo. Aliquam erat consectetuer vestibulum varius. Cras ut orci at lorem odio tellus hendrerit sed, congue fringilla.

Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per inceptos hymenaeos. Maecenas vehicula, dui nulla, egestas sodales, augue commodo nec, ullamcorper ligula lorem odio sit amet, vestibulum wisi ultricies eu, magna. Fusce aliquet elit, gravida tellus tristique eget, porta eget, eros. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Proin cursus magna. Sed placerat. Mauris vel risus. Nunc accumsan dictum, laoreet viverra. Cras tempus purus at risus auctor tincidunt. Sed sed tortor. In venenatis consequat. Donec iaculis. Curabitur est pretium wisi, sed leo. Sed tincidunt risus neque ultrices consectetuer. Etiam mollis ut, dolor. Maecenas.

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Een van die hoogtepunte van die kongres was die toespraak van die direkteur-generaal van die nasionale departement van landbou, bosbou en visserye, mnr Mike Mlengana — ‘n diep gelowige man wat sy mandaat in die sektor as ‘n geestelike opdrag uit ‘n hoër gesag beskou en gehoorsaam.

“Ek is in hierdie posisie omdat ek God se guns dra en ek is hier by julle omdat ek Hom dien wat julle en ek vrees.” So het hy sy toespraak begin en op dieselfde trant voortgegaan tot op die punt waar boere hom “Laat Heer U seën op hom daal” toegesing het, toe hy klaar gepraat het.

Mlengane, self ‘n boer, het dit gou duidelik gemaak dat hy weet waaroor landbou gaan en nie blind is vir die tekortkomings in die nasionale landboudepartement nie. “Ons kon skoolgaan en gaan leer omdat my pa beeste en mielies verkoop het. Landbou het vir ons deure oopgemaak,” sê hy.

Oor sy werk in die departement draai hy nie doekies om nie; hy erken dat daar baie foute gemaak is en baie dinge is wat reggemaak moet word. Hy het afgevaardigdes na die kongres vertel hoe ‘n voorligtingsbeampte by hom op die plaas aangekom en gekomplimenteer het op sy mooi Brahmane. “Die enigste probleem is, ek boer met Bonsmaras! Ons het nie die regte mense in die regte poste nie.”

Hy het dus ‘n private maatskappy aangestel om elke persoon in die departement te evalueer en vas te stel of daardie individu geskik is vir sy pos. “Vir die ouens wat nie geskik is nie, kry ek oorplasings na ander departemente. Ek soek die beste mense vir die werk in my departement.”

“Nou het julle ‘n DG vír boere eerder as ‘n DG ván landbou,” het me Marna de Lange van die  organisasie Umsizi Sustainable Solutions tydens haar spreukbeurt by die kongres gesê. “Dis nou klimaatsverandering.”

Die oud-premier en politikus Dr Mathews Phosa het ‘n ewe inspirerende boodskap vir boere gebring. Hy het geen doekies omgedraai oor die magstryd tussen President Zuma en die minister van finansies, mnr Pravin Gordhan, nie.
“Daar is magte binne in die regering wat probeer om die hulpbronne van ons mense te kolonialiseer. Ons moet dit nie toelaat nie,” het hy gesê en ‘n be-roep op boere gedoen om sterk te staan en aan te hou om voedsel te produseer te midde van hierdie storms. “Moenie fokus verloor nie. Landbou het ‘n sleutelrol om te speel in die toekomstige ekonomiese groei van ons land.”

Phosa glo landbou kan ‘n sleutelrol speel in die vestiging van ekonomies sterk en stabiele landelike gebiede, en dat dit noodsaaklik gaan wees in die voortbestaan van die demokrasie.

Dr Theo de Jager van Agri Limpopo het op sy beurt vertel hoe die organisasie Limpopo se kleiner boere bystaan om koöperasies op die been te bring, om hul volle potensiaal in landbou te ontsluit. Selfs die hardekwas ekonoom Dr Roelof Botha het vertel Suid-Afrika se ekonomie het reeds sy onderste draaipunt bereik en dinge kan net beter raak.

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Paul Makube, agricultural economist at First National Bank, said the results of the US election was not good news for South Africa’s agricultural trade with that country, as Trump held protectionist trade views.

“In the longer term, future trade negotiations for exports will be much tougher. He will be doing business differently,” Makube said.

According to Makube, Trump was a suitable ally for the US’ agricultural industry, which was “naturally inclined” to be protectionist.

Mmatlou Kalaba, a trade economist at the Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy at the University of Pretoria, told Farmer’s Weekly that a Trump presidency was a concern for South Africa, particularly in terms of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).

In January this year, South Africa was at risk of losing its duty-free benefits for goods exported to the US, as per the AGOA agreement.

“It [AGOA] was already under pressure during the Obama administration, especially [the US’] demand for market access for meat products. What remains to be seen is whether the Trump administration will act on that rhetoric,” Kalaba said.

It was unlikely that Trump would repeal all trade deals in the next two years, Kalaba said, as certain trade treaties had been signed with international institutions and were therefore binding.

“I expect that some common sense will come in on some of the tough talk during the campaign. In the next few months, once he has settled in the White House, some issues will [become] clearer,” he said.

Earlier this year, in a Wall Street Journal article, Trump pledged that if he were elected, he would “withdraw the US from global trade alliances [and] exit the North American Free Trade Agreement if it isn’t renegotiated.”

In a Fin24 report, Tinashe Chuchu, a lecturer at Wits University’s School of Economic and Business Science, said a Trump administration could impose an extra 15% import tariff on South African products exported to the US.

This would raise tariffs to 35%, which would have a negative impact on South Africa’s economy.

Story: Farmer’s Weekly South AfricaQ4Rh(EW^DqPtCNJW)aGCTl3H

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Die navorsing sal wetenskaplikes help om grondvrugbaarheid, degradasie en die toekomstige impak van klimaatverandering op grond en landbou-aktiwiteite beter te verstaan.

Mikrobiese organismes is noodsaaklik vir goeie landbou-produksie en bio-remediëring. Grondmikrobiolgie in kombinasie met klimaat- en grondgebruik-inligting sal na verwagting waardevolle hulpbronne vir navorsers en beleidmakers wees – onder meer om voedselsekerheid vir die toekoms te bestuur.

Via AgriOrbit

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He said this when he briefed journalists upon releasing the second survey on the Public Perceptions of Biotechnology in South Africa on Tuesday. The survey was conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC).

“It is estimated that the economic gains from biotech crops for South Africa for the period 1998 to 2013 was $1.6bn and $313m for 2013 alone.

“In 2014, South Africa was growing more than 2.7-million hectares of GM crops. About 86% and 90% of maize and soya produced, respectively, are GM. Cotton is 100% genetically modified,” he said.

More than half of SA familiar with biotechnology

Dr Michael Gastrow, from the Human Sciences Research Council, said one of his observations from the survey, which was conducted amongst 2,900 adults in 500 areas across the country, was that there was a better understanding of how much people know about biotechnology from the younger generation, and that attitudes tend to get more positive with the young ones.

Dr Gastrow also said that the privileged – from the level of education, to those with a better living standard – have a better understanding or knowledge about biotechnology.

“When you look at attitudes towards biotechnology in terms of health, safety, environment and economic contribution… there are significant proportions that are in favour of a particular attitude, a significant proportion [that are] against, and a significant third… that just doesn’t know enough about biotechnology,” he said.

He said most South Africans are aware they are consuming genetically modified food.

The survey revealed that 48% were aware that they were eating genetically modified organisms, while 49% believed it was safe to do so.

The first survey conducted in 2004 revealed that public familiarity with the term ‘biotechnology’, stood at only 21%, while public awareness of GM consumption was at 13%. The latest survey commissioned by the department last year showed that the figures have tripled, 53% and 48% respectively.

Dr Gastrow said there had also been a major increase in attitudes that favour the purchasing of GM foods.

The proportion of the public that would purchase GM foods on basis of health considerations increased from 59% to 77%, while that of cost considerations increased from 51% to 73%, and environmental considerations from 50% to 68%.

GM forms of maize, soybean and cotton have been approved for commercial production in South Africa and these crops have become established in some parts of the country.

Public awareness to enhance biotechnology understanding

Dr Mjwara said, meanwhile, that while genetically modified crops have been approved and adopted in South Africa and worldwide by science-based regulatory systems and farmers, they still remain a source of apparent public controversy. While it is entirely appropriate for the public to have varying opinions on the technologies and their applications, where misinformation or deliberate misinformation is offered, it needs to be countered with scientific evidence, he said.

“This controversy contributes to extreme precautionary approaches by some countries, resulting in increased regulatory burdens and delays, with associated development costs, timelines and risks that have limited the number of countries adopting the technology – including countries in Africa.

“[This has] limited the application of the technology to relatively few crops, with limited traits, and only a handful of developers – usually multinational companies – have the capability and the resources to commercialise GM crops,” Dr Mjwara said.

To counter this perception, the Department of Science and Technology established the Public Understanding of Biotechnology (PUB) Programme, which sought to promote awareness and understanding of biotechnology to the broader public.

The PUB Programme was broadly successful in a number of interventions, including developing media roundtables; critical thinker sessions; exhibitions; training of media on science and technology issues, and the development of biotechnology in school curricula. However, it had very limited ability to respond to inaccurate, misleading or vague media (newspaper, television and radio) reports.

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